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Make a profit every year with the Profit First Formula

By Wave
By Wave
Reviewed by
January 24, 2022
5 minutes read

Many small business owners struggle to understand their cash flow (the money moving into and out of their business), and sometimes aren’t sure if they’ve actually made any money until the end of the year. Even worse, sometimes they haven’t made any money—but by the time they realize that, it’s too late to fix.

When a small business fails it's because of poor cash flow management or poor understanding of cash flow 82% of the time. That’s a stressful place to be and it doesn’t need to be that way.

One tool that can help is the book Profit First by Mike Michalowicz, which teaches business owners how to “transform any business from a cash-eating monster to a money-making machine.”

In this article, we’ll provide a summary of Profit First—including the Profit First method and the Profit First formula. Our aim is to help you:

  • Better understand your business finances
  • Set up a cash flow management system
  • Make a profit and get paid, no matter how small your income might be

Putting profit first

So, what is profit? Check any business textbook and you’ll find that your profit is whatever’s left over after you subtract your expenses from your revenue.

Sales – Expenses = Profit

While it makes sense to cover your expenses first, there’s no guarantee that you’ll make a profit with this formula.

What is the Profit First formula?

The Profit First formula flips the equation, giving profit the focus it deserves.

Sales – Profit = Expenses

You might wonder what difference this really makes—isn’t it just semantics? Kind of. But what Michalowicz is trying to highlight is more psychological than anything: you have to approach your business thinking profit first, not profit last.

What is the Profit First method?

The goal of the Profit First method is to develop a system for building your business in a sustainable way that creates long term success. To get started you must first account for your profit, taxes, and your own pay. What’s left over is what the company has to spend on everything else.

We usually think of expenses (e.g., cost of material, rent, salaries, utilities) as unavoidable, when they can often be eliminated, avoided, or delayed. When you discipline yourself to set aside a percentage of revenue for profit and only spend what’s left to cover your expenses, you’re forcing yourself to spend more wisely.

Starting the Profit First method can be uncomfortable. It might mean you have to delay some of your spending on growth in the short term, even when you want to keep pushing forward.

But the Profit First method also means that when you do encounter a great opportunity to grow your revenue and profits, you’ll have the retained earnings available to invest in it without endangering your business. If you put every spare dollar back into your business, you might think you’re planting seeds for growth—but you’re actually putting yourself at risk for a future crisis.

How to implement the Profit First formula

1. Create smaller spending buckets

The first step is break down how you allocate your income by creating smaller spending “buckets.” A bucket refers to a collection of similar assets. In this case, your buckets are five bank accounts based on the core functions of your business:

  1. Profit Account(Savings Account)
  2. Tax Account (Savings Account)
  3. Owner’s Pay (Savings Account)
  4. Revenue (Transaction Account)
  5. Operating Expenses (Transaction Account)

Imagine that each bank account is a bucket and your cash is the water. We’ll go over how to determine how much money to allocate into each account together. In addition, you might need a few other accounts depending on your business and the goals you want to achieve.

Most businesses can get started with these five accounts and build out from there. But if you’re feeling overwhelmed, it is okay to start off with only one or two accounts, like Profit or Profit and Tax.

Now, let’s go over determining how much money goes into each account.


2. Determine your Profit First percentages: CAPS and TAPS

There are two types of percentages we need to determine what your current finances look like and set your Profit First goals: the Current Allocation Percentages (CAPS) and the Target Allocation Percentages (TAPS).

You’ll use these Profit First percentages to determine how much money you distribute into your bank accounts.

Your CAPS show where your Real Revenue is being spent right now—what your business is buying day-to-day in its current format. You can figure out your current allocation percentages using the Preparing for Profit First calculator and worksheet.

Real Revenue is your Total Income minus the cost of materials and subcontractors. You should only take this into account if a large portion of your operations (more than 20%) requires materials and subcontractors.

The TAPS detail where we want your Real Revenue to go once the business is running at efficiency and profitability; these are the ideal percentages you’re working towards hitting.

The goal is to gradually move from your CAPS to your TAPS. You won’t hit these percentages overnight (or even this year in many cases) but you can’t work towards them until you know what they are.

It’s important to note that depending on the size and nature of your business, some of these numbers might deviate significantly from those outlined in the book.

Below is a chart outlining various revenue-dependent scenarios. We can see that higher revenue often increases profitability and operating expenses while decreasing the owner’s pay, for some businesses. These should be used as an example and may be different for your industry or business type.

An example of a Profit First chart. It shows Real Revenue Range, Real Revenue, Profit, Owner’s Pay, Tax, Operating Expenses
Image: Profit First chart by Mike Michalowicz


3. Transfer your Cash

You should first put all your income into your income account. Establish a rhythm for transferring the funds that are accumulating in your income account to your other accounts.

How often should that happen? It’s completely up to you. The book recommends you allocate your money into the Profit, Taxes, Owner’s pay, and Expense accounts on the 10th and 25th of each month.

Many business owners start out thinking they need to follow the 10/25 rhythm exactly, but this isn’t necessary. Some business owners do it every two weeks, while others do it weekly. Whatever rhythm you establish, you need to stick to it!


4. Make Payments

Use your Profit First accounts to pay your bills. The key is to ensure that each account is only used for its designated purpose.

  • Profit Account: This account accumulates a very small amount ‘off the top’ that can be used for debt reduction, emergencies, and for you to receive a bonus for all your hard work. The Profit First formula is about generating profit, so this account comes first!
  • Owner’s Pay: This account is used to pay your after-tax salary or wage. Fight the temptation to ‘re-invest’ this into your business because it’s your salary. You need to get paid!
  • Tax Account: Use this account to meet all your tax and superannuation obligations.
  • Operating Expenses: This is all the money your business has available for operating expenses like office supplies, marketing, meals or business travel. Get creative and spend it wisely, because all the other accounts are spoken for. If you don’t have enough money to meet your operating expenses, then that’s a problem you’ll need to address.

As Michalowicz says in his book, “Owner’s compensation is the money you get paid for working in your business; profit is the reward you get for owning it.”


5. Review

At the end of each quarter, your unique Profit First system should be reviewed and adjusted.

The Profit First mindset shift will challenge you to re-evaluate every element of your business model, including your accounting methods and your personal financial situation. As your situation changes, so too will your need for cash, so your account transfers should reflect these changes.

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per credit card transaction
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per credit card transaction
for first 10 transactions/mo
Unlimited invoices, estimates, bills
Add your logo and brand colors
Automate late payment reminders
with online payments
Wave mobile app
Unlimited bookkeeping records
Dashboard and reports
Auto-import transactions
Auto-merge transactions
Auto-categorize transactions
Add users
Live-person chat and email support
with any paid add-on
Digitally capture unlimited receipts
additional fee
Payroll
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additional fee
Hire a bookkeeper
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Invoicing + payments
Option to accept online payments
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per credit card transaction
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per credit card transaction
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for first 10 transactions/mo

Send invoices, estimates, and other docs:

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with online payments
with online payments
Automate late payment reminders
with online payments
with online payments
Add your logo and brand colors
Remove Wave branding from footers
Add attachments to invoices and estimates (NEW!)
Create reusable message templates (NEW!)
Invoice and estimate in the mobile app
Accounting
Unlimited bookkeeping records
Auto-import bank transactions
Auto-merge and categorize transactions
Add users to your business
businesses already auto-importing bank transactions and/or that already have users added to their businesses as of May 1, 2024
Digitally capture unlimited receipts
with receipts add-on
with receipts add-on
Manage accounting transactions in the mobile app and sync with desktop (NEW!)
with receipts add-on
with receipts add-on
Other Wave features
Dashboard and reports
Live-person chat + email support
with any optional add-on
with any optional add-on
Optional add-ons
Receipts
nothing changes
additional fee
included
Payroll
nothing changes
additional fee
additional fee
Advisors
nothing changes
additional fee
additional fee
Invoicing + payments
Option to accept online payments
(and create unique links with checkouts)
Starting at
2.9% + $0.60
per credit card transaction
Starting at
2.9% + $0.60
per credit card transaction
Starting at
2.9% + $0*
per credit card transaction for first 10 transactions/mo
Send invoices, estimates, and other docs via links or PDFs
Send invoices, estimates, and other docs automatically, via Wave
with online payments
with online payments
Automate late payment reminders
with online payments
with online payments
Add your logo and brand colors
Remove Wave branding from footers
Add attachments to invoices and estimates (NEW!)
Create reusable message templates (coming NEW!)
Invoice and estimate in the mobile app
Accounting
Unlimited bookkeeping records
Auto-import, -merge, and -categorize bank transactions
businesses already auto-importing bank transactions and/or that already have users added to their businesses as of May 1, 2024
Add users to your business
businesses already auto-importing bank transactions and/or that already have users added to their businesses as of May 1, 2024
Digitally capture unlimited receipts
with receipts add-on
with receipts add-on
Manage accounting transactions in the mobile app and sync with desktop (NEW!)
with receipts add-on
with receipts add-on
Other Wave features
Dashboard and reports
Live-person chat + email support
with any optional add-on
with any optional add-on
Optional add-ons
Receipts
nothing changes
additional fee
included
Payroll
nothing changes
additional fee
additional fee
Advisors
nothing changes
additional fee
additional fee

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By Wave

The information and tips shared on this blog are meant to be used as learning and personal development tools as you launch, run and grow your business. While a good place to start, these articles should not take the place of personalized advice from professionals. As our lawyers would say: “All content on Wave’s blog is intended for informational purposes only. It should not be considered legal or financial advice.” Additionally, Wave is the legal copyright holder of all materials on the blog, and others cannot re-use or publish it without our written consent.

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